Botany Practice Test || Exam Questions (Questions 81-100)

Botany Practice Test (Questions:81-100)

81. The pair which correctly represents a buffer system in living organisms:

A) Sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid B) Ammonium and ammonium chloride C) Acetate and acetic acid D) Ammonia and sulfuric acid

82. The method of vegetative propagation involves the use of rooted stem cutting:

A) Layering B) Grafting C) Budding D) Cutting

83. The method commonly used to produce monoclonal antibodies:

A) Immunoprecipitation B) ELISA C) Hybridoma technology D) Western blot

84. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules present antigens to which type of immune cell?

A) T helper cells B) Cytotoxic T cells C) B cells D) Natural killer cells

85. Which of the following is not a requirement for maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population?

A) No mutations B) Large population size C) Non-random mating D) No migration

86. The operon model which illustrates negative control and involves attenuation to regulate gene expression:

A) Lac operon B) Trp operon C) Arabinose operon D) SOS response operon

87. What is the role of the Kozak sequence in eukaryotic translation?

A) It serves as the binding site for ribosomal subunits B) It marks the end of mRNA transcription C) It initiates DNA replication D) It facilitates the initiation of translation by helping ribosomes locate the start codon

88. The DNA repair mechanism which is primarily involved in correcting pyrimidine dimers induced by UV light:

A) Mismatch repair B) Base excision repair C) Nucleotide excision repair D) Direct repair

89. In DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for resolving the end replication problem in eukaryotes is:

A) DNA helicase B) Topoisomerase C) Telomerase D) DNA polymerase δ

90. In cell signalling, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) primarily activate which secondary messenger molecule?

A) cAMP B) Calcium ions C) Phosphoinositide D) DAG (diacylglycerol)

91. The histone modification which is primarily associated with transcriptional activation in eukaryotic cells:

A) Histone acetylation B) Histone methylation (lysine 9) C) Histone ubiquitination D) Histone phosphorylation

92. During apoptosis, which of the following is a key effector molecule responsible for executing the apoptotic cascade?

A) Caspases B) Bax C) p53 D) Cytochrome C

93. The protein associated with the regulation of spindle assembly checkpoints during mitosis:

A) Cohesin B) Cyclin B C) Separase D) APC/C (Anaphase Promoting Complex)

94. A key structural feature of the eukaryotic cell membrane:

A) Presence of peptidoglycan B) Asymmetrical distribution of lipids C) Double-stranded RNA integration D) Symmetrical arrangement of proteins and lipids

95. Which of the following is not a characteristic of alpha diversity?

A) Species richness B) Genetic variation within a population C) Species evenness D) Community diversity within a habitat

96. The international treaty which aims to protect endangered species of plants and animals through trade regulations:

A) Kyoto Protocol B) Bonn Convention C) CITES D) Ramsar Convention

97. A method used in phytosociology for classifying plant communities:

A) Gleason's Individualistic Concept B) Clementsian Concept of Climax C) Island Biogeography Theory D) Raunkiaer’s Life Form Classification

98. Match the following (DNA Repair Mechanisms) in List 1 with (specific functions) in List 2:

List 1	List 2
a. Base Excision Repair	1. Fixes bulky, helix-distorting lesions
b. Nucleotide Excision Repair	2. Corrects single-base mutations
c. Mismatch Repair	3. Fixes incorrect base pairing
d. Direct Repair	4. Reverses chemical changes in bases

A) a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4 B) a-1, b-3, c-4, d-2 C) a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4 D) a-2, b-3, c-1, d-4

99. Match the following (Signal Transduction Pathways) in List 1 with (associated signalling molecules) in List 2:

List 1	List 2
a. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)	1. Steroid hormones
b. Tyrosine kinase receptors	2. Growth factors
c. Ion channel linked receptors	3. Neurotransmitters
d. Intracellular receptors	4. Secondary messengers

A) a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1 B) a-1, b-3, c-4, d-2 C) a-4, b-2, c-3, d-1 D) a-2, b-4, c-3, d-1

100. Match the following (Genetic Mutations) in List 1 with (corresponding descriptions) in List 2:

List 1	List 2
a. Missense mutation	1. Introduces a premature stop codon
b. Nonsense mutation	2. No change in the amino acid sequence
c. Frameshift mutation	3. Alters the amino acid sequence
d. Silent mutation	4. Caused by insertion or deletion of nucleotides

A) a-4, b-2, c-1, d-3 B) a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2 C) a-2, b-3, c-1, d-4 D) a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2

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