Botany Practice Test || Exam Questions (Questions 101-120)

 

BOTANY PRACTICE TEST (Questions 101-120)

101. Match the following (Cell Signalling Molecules) in List 1 with (receptors) in List 2:
List 1                   List 2
a. Acetylcholine        1. G-protein coupled receptors
b. Insulin                  2. Ligand-gated ion channels
c. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)           3. Tyrosine kinase receptors
d. Cortisol                   4. Intracellular receptors

A) a-2, b-3, c-1, d-4 B) a-3, b-2, c-1, d-4 C) a-1, b-2, c-4, d-3 D) a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4

102. Match the following (Chromatins) in List 1 with (characteristics) in List 2:
List 1                   List 2
a. Euchromatin          1. Densely packed, transcriptionally inactive
b. Heterochromatin     2. Loosely packed, transcriptionally active
c. Constitutive heterochromatin        3. Always inactive and found at centromeres
d. Facultative heterochromatin         4. Can switch between active and inactive states

A) a-2, b-3, c-1, d-4 B) a-1, b-3, c-4, d-2 C) a-1, b-2, c-4, d-3 D) a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4

103. Match the following (ecological concepts) in List 1 with (examples) in List 2:
List 1                   List 2
a. Keystone Species        1. Sea otters in kelp forests
b. Invasive Species        2. Zebra mussels in North America
c. Endangered Species        3. Amur leopard
d. Indicator Species        4. Lichens indicating air quality

A) a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4 B) a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3 C) a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2 D) a-1, b-3, c-2, d-4

104. Which of the following methods is not typically associated with gene transfer in plants?

A) Electroporation B) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation C) Gene gun (biolistics) D) RNAi technology

105. In the context of microbial biotechnology, biotransformation is the:

A) Conversion of biomass into energy B) Process by which microorganisms alter the chemical structure of compounds C) Genetic modification of microorganisms for industrial use D) Application of antibiotics in disease control

106. The database specifically designed for protein sequence data:

A) EMBL B) GENBANK C) SWISS-PROT D) DDBJ

107. What does the BLAST algorithm primarily do?

A) Aligns protein structures B) Identifies homologous sequences C) Analyses metabolic pathways D) Constructs phylogenetic trees

108. Which of the following is not a type of sequence alignment analysis?

A) Global alignment B) Local alignment C) Phylogenetic alignment D) Pair wise analysis

109. In bioinformatics, the term "genome annotation" refer to:

A) The process of sequencing DNA B) The identification of functional elements in the genome C) The assembly of genomic data into databases D) The comparison of genomes from different organisms

110. The primary mechanism of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants is:

A) Localized cell death at the infection site B) Activation of defense genes throughout the plant C) Production of phytoalexins D) Mechanical barrier formation

111. Match the following (genetic markers) in List 1 with (descriptions) in List 2:
List1                   List 2
a. RFLP                  1. Variation in the number of repeats of a sequence
b. SSR                    2. Variation in DNA sequence length
c. SNP                    3. Single nucleotide change
d. AFLP                  4. Amplified fragment length polymorphism

A) a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4 B) a-4, b-1, c-3, d-2 C) a-1, b-4, c-3, d-2 D) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2

112. Match the following (plant diseases) in List 1 with (causal organisms) in List 2:
List1                   List 2
a. False smut of Paddy          1. Fungus (Ustilaginales)
b. Powdery mildew of Rubber         2. Fungus (Erysiphales)
c. Coffee rust                3. Fungus (Hemileia vastatrix)
d. Yellow vein mosaic          4. Virus (geminivirus)

A) a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4 B) a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3 C) a-3, b-2, c-1, d-4 D) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2

113. Match the following (biotechnological applications) in List 1 with (uses) in List 2:
List1                   List 2
a. Bt cotton               1. Pest-resistant crop
b. Golden rice           2. Vitamin A enrichment
c. Flavr Savr tomato     3. Delayed ripening
d. Herbicide-resistant soybeans       4. Tolerance to herbicides

A) a-3, b-2, c-1, d-4 B) a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1 C) a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3 D) a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4

114. Match the following (components of the plant immune system) in List 1 with (functions) in List 2:
List 1                   List 2
a. Systemic acquired resistance         1. Localized defense against pathogens
b. Induced systemic resistance         2. Long-term response to infection
c. Phytoalexins                        3. Compounds that inhibit pathogen growth
d. Mechanical barriers                 4. Physical defense against pests

A) a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4 B) a-1, b-2, c-4, d-3 C) a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1 D) a-2, b-3, c-1, d-4

115. Which among the following statements are true related to stains in micro technique?
1. Acridine Orange is a synthetic dye belonging to the triarylmethane class, used in staining bacterial endospores.
2. Eosin is an acidic dye composed of brominated fluorescein, stains cytoplasm and extracellular structures in tissues, imparting a pink or red colour. It is often used as a counterstain in combination with hematoxylin in H & E staining.
3. Hematoxylin is a basic dye derived from the heartwood of certain trees and undergoes oxidation to form hematein, staining nuclei blue or purple.
4. Malachite Green is used in fluorescence microscopy for vital staining of live cells.

A) 2 & 3 only B) 1 & 2 only C) 1 & 3 only D) 1, 2 & 3 only

116. Regarding photorespiration, which statements are accurate?
1. It occurs when oxygen levels are high and carbon dioxide levels are low
2. It results in the production of glycolate & hydroxy pyruvate
3. RuBisCO can fix both carbon dioxide and oxygen
4. Photorespiration occur in mitochondria

A) 1 & 3 only B) 1, 2 & 4 only C) 2, 3 & 4 only D) 1, 3 & 4 only

117. Match the following (signal transduction) in List 1 with (roles) in List 2:
List 1                   List 2
a. Signal perception        1. Involves molecules like Ca²&supsp; and cAMP
b. Signal amplification      2. Increases the strength of the signal within the cell
c. Second messengers       3. Initial detection of the signal by receptors
d. Signal transduction pathways        4. Series of biochemical reactions leading to a cellular response

A) a-3, b-2, c-1, d-4 B) a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3 C) a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1 D) a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4

118. In Raunkiaer's system of plant classification, which form of plant has its perennating buds at or near the ground?

A) Phanerophyte B) Hemicryptophyte C) Chamaephyte D) Therophyte

119. A key distinguishing characteristic of the Gleasonian view of community structure is that communities are:

A) Highly structured and predictable B) Random associations of species C) Always in equilibrium D) Hierarchical

120. The concept of ecads and ecotypes is most relevant to:

A) Genetic diversity B) Ecosystem stability C) Ecological succession D) Habitat conservation

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