Multiple choice on Translation in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

MCQ on Translation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

1. Which of the following is the correct statement regarding translation?

a) DNA dependent protein synthesis

b) RNA dependent protein synthesis

c) RNA dependent nucleotide synthesis

d) DNA dependent amino acid synthesis

2. Which of the following is true regarding the site of prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation?

a) the site of prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation is cytoplasm

b) Eukaryotic translation occurs in nucleus whereas prokaryotic translation occurs in cytoplasm

c) Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation occurs in nucleus

d) Eukaryotic translation occurs in nucleus whereas prokaryotic translation occurs in nucleoid  region

3. Which of the following is true regarding the mRNA for translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

a) mRNA is polycistronic in Prokaryotes and has extensive mRNA processing where as mRNA is monocistronic in Eukaryotes and has little mRNA processing

b) mRNA is polycistronic in both Prokaryotes and eukaryotes where as extensive mRNA processing occurs in eukaryotes and little mRNA processing in prokaryotes

c) mRNA is polycistronic in Prokaryotes and has little mRNA processing where as mRNA is monocistronic in Eukaryotes and has extensive mRNA processing

d) mRNA is monocistronic in both Prokaryotes and eukaryotes where as extensive mRNA processing occurs in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes

4. The ribosomes involved in translation in Prokaryotes and eukaryotes is

a) 50S and 30S in prokaryotes and 60S and 40S in Eukaryotes

b) 80S in Prokaryotes and 70S in Eukaryotes

c) 60S and 30S in prokaryotes and 60S and 40S in Eukaryotes

d) 60S and 40S in prokaryotes and 60S and 50S in Eukaryotes

5. All the following are true regarding translation initiation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes except

a) Ribosome small sub unit binds to Shine Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotes whereas Ribosome small sub unit binds to the 5’ 7MeG cap of eukaryotic mRNA

b) Ribosome small sub unit binds to Shine Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotes whereas Ribosome small sub unit binds to the Kozak sequence of eukaryotic mRNA

c) SD sequence is a conserved sequence in Prokaryotic mRNA whereas Kozak sequence is a conserved sequence in Eukaryotic mRNA

d) In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, ribosome large sub unit binds only after binding of small sub unit with mRNA

6. During translation initiation, initiator tRNA is

a) fMet tRNA in Eukaryotes and Met tRNA in Prokaryotes

b) Met tRNA in Eukaryotes and fMet tRNA in Prokaryotes

c) Met tRNA in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

d) fMet tRNA in Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

7. IF2 in prokaryotes and eIF2 in eukaryotes assists in   

a) Preventing binding of large ribosomal sub unit

b) Preventing premature entry of tRNA to A site

c) Delivering initiator tRNA to ribosomal small sub unit

d)All of the above

8. All the following statements regarding translation elongation is correct except

a) EF-Tu bringing aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to A site of the ribosome in Prokaryotes

eEF1α bringing aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to A site of the ribosome in eukaryotes

b) In Prokaryotes, EF-Ts is involved in translocation

In Eukaryotes, eEF2  is involved in translocation

c) In Prokaryotes, EF P is involved in peptide bond formation

In Eukaryotes, EEIF5A  is involved in peptide bond formation

d)  In Eukaryotes, eEF1 βϒ : generates active eEF1α

In Prokaryotes, EF-Ts is also involved in recycling EF Tu

9. Which of the following is the correct statement regarding termination of translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

a) Stop anti codon with tRNA binds to corresponding 3 stop codons in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

b) 3 release factors binds to all 3 stop codons in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

c) RF2 recognizes all 3 stop codons in prokaryotes and RF 1  recognizes all 3 stop codons in eukaryotes

d) 3 release factors in prokaryotes and 1 RF in eukaryotes

10. Extensive Post translational modification (PTMs) is  

a) common in both prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

b) rare in prokaryotes and common in Eukaryotes

c) rare in both prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

d) None of the above

For more
10 difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Translation

Answers

1. b) RNA dependent protein synthesis

2. a) the site of prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation is cytoplasm

3. c) mRNA is polycistronic in Prokaryotes and has little mRNA processing where as mRNA is monocistronic in Eukaryotes and has extensive mRNA processing

4. a)50S and 30S in prokaryotes and 60S and 40S in Eukaryotes

5. b) Ribosome small sub unit binds to Shine Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotes whereas Ribosome small sub unit binds to the Kozak sequence of eukaryotic mRNA

6. b) Met tRNA in Eukaryotes and fMet tRNA in Prokaryotes

7. c) delivering initiator tRNA to ribosomal small sub unit

8. b) In Prokaryotes, EF-Ts is involved in translocation

In Eukaryotes, eEF2  is involved in translocation

9. d) 3 release factors in prokaryotes and 1 RF in eukaryotes

10. b) rare in prokaryotes and common in Eukaryotes

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Multiple Choice Questions on Chemiosmosis and ATP synthesis

MCQ on Chemiosmosis

1. Chemiosmotic theory was proposed by?

a) J D Watson

b) Peter Mitchell

c) Francis Crick

d) H G Khorana

2. The organelle of chemiosmosis in cellular respiration is  

a) nucleoplasm

b) peroxisome

c) chloroplast

d) mitochondrion

3. Which of the following are the major events in chemiosmosis?

a) electron flow and release of energy

b) proton gradient formation

c) PMF driven ATP synthesis

d) all of these

4. According to chemiosmosis, electrons are donated by

a) NADH and FADH2

b) NADH and ATP

c) ATP and FADH2

d) NADH and FMN

5. The site of electron flow in chemiosmosis is

a) Mitochondrion

b) Outer Mitochondrial membrane

c) Inner Mitochondrial membrane

d) Mitochondrial matrix

6. The energy released from electron flow is used to pump protons (H+) from

a) Intermembrane space to cytoplasm

b) Outer Mitochondrial membrane to inner Mitochondrial membrane

c) Mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space

d) Inner Mitochondrial membrane to outer Mitochondrial membrane

7. The site of proton gradient formation is   

a) Mitochondrial matrix

b) intermembrane space of mitochondria

c) Inner Mitochondrial membrane

d) outer Mitochondrial membrane

8. ATP synthesis by ATP synthase is driven by

a) H+ movement

b) electron movement

c) NADH movement

d) All of these

9. ATP synthase synthesise ATP and release ATP towards

a) Mitochondrial matrix

b) Inner Mitochondrial membrane

c) outer Mitochondrial membrane

d) intermembrane space

10. Chemiosmosis and associated ATP synthesis in photosynthesis take place in

a) inner mitochondrial membrane

b) thylakoid membrane of chloroplast in light reaction

c) stroma of chloroplast in dark reaction

d) thylakoid lumen of chloroplast in light reaction

Answers

1. b) Peter Mitchell

2. d) mitochondrion

3. d) all of these

4. a) NADH and FADH2

5. c) Inner Mitochondrial membrane

6. c) Mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space

7. b) intermembrane space of mitochondria

8. a) H+ movement

9. a) Mitochondrial matrix

10. b) thylakoid membrane of chloroplast in light reaction

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Multiple Choice Questions on Paleobotany

1. Jurassic period is about

A)265 million years back

B)165 million years back

C)65 million years back

D)365 million years back

2. To which one of the following the genus Williamsonia belongs?

A)cycadales

B)coniferales

C)cycadales

D)bennittitales

3. The pollen-bearing organs of Lyginopteris belong to

A)Cycadeoidea

B)Crosstheca

C)Calymmaatotheca

D)Williamsonia

4.’Fossil beehives’ is the name associated with fossil

A)Cycads

B)Coniferales

C)Pteridophytes

D)Ginkgoales

5. The leaves of Zygopteridaceae belong to the genus

A)Callixylon

B)Etapteris

C)Callixylon

D)Ptilophyllum

6. Nipaniophyllum belongs to

A)Benettitales

B)Filicales

C)Cordaitales

D)Pentoxylales

7. Baragwanathia- a fossil pteridophyte was discovered from

A)Rhynie chert bed of Scotland

B)Raj Mahal hills of Bihar

C)Silurian beds of Victoria, Australia

D)Mudstones near Giloba, Newyork

8.The diatomaceous earth of tertiary deposits found in California is

A)300 feet thick

B)500 feet thick

C)Over 1000 feet thick

D)Over 1000 feet and below 200feet thick

9. Zosterophyllum is

A)fossil alga

B)fossil Bryophyta

C)fossil pteridophyte

D)fossil gymnosperm

10.  Which is known as fossil bryophyte?

A)Marchantia palmata

B)Riicia fluitans

C)Naiadita lanceolata

D)Marchantia polymorpha

Answers
1. B)165 million years back
2. D)bennittitales
3. B)Crosstheca
4. D)Ginkgoales
5. D)Ptilophyllum
6. D)Pentoxylales
7. C)Silurian beds of Victoria, Australia
8. C)Over 1000 feet thick
9.C)fossil pteridophyte
10. C)Naiadita lanceolata

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MCQ on Biological Classification ( Set 3)

1. Which of the following shows coiled RNA strand and capsomers?

A)Poliovirus

B)Tobacco mosaic virus

C)Measles virus

D)Retrovirus

2. Viruses have

A) DNA enclosed in a protein coat

B)prokaryotic nucleus

C)single chromosome

D)both DNA and RNA

3. Archae bacteria differ from eubacteria in

A)cell membrane structure

B)mode of nutrition

C)cell shape

D)mode of reproduction

4. The genetic material of a viroid is

A)DNA

B)RNA

C)Protein

D)Carbohydrate

5.The smallest organisms which are self-reproducing in free-living state are known as

A)bacteria

B)viruses

C)PPLO

D)Prions

6. Which of the followingly wrongly matched?

A)D J Ivanowski- Microbes smaller than bacteria cause mosaic disease of tobacco

B)W.M Stanely- Crystalloid proteins

C)L Pasteur- Virus means venom or poisonous fluid

D)T.O. Diener- Viroids are found to be a free DNA

7.The organisms which completely lack a cell wall and can live without oxygen are

A)mycoplasmas

B)archaebacteria

C)methanogens

D)thermoacidophiles

8. According to five kingdom systems of classification, which group does blue-green algae belong to?

A)Fungi

B)Monera

C)Plantae

D)Protista

9.  Which of the following characters belongs to the Kingdom Monera?

A)Eukaryotic

B)Heterotrophic

C)Multicellular

D)Presence of cell walls  made of cellulose

10. Five kingdom system of classification suggested by R H Whittaker is not based on

A)presence or absence of a well-defined nucleus

B)mode of reproduction

C)mode of nutrition

D)complexity of body organization

Answer: 

1.B)Tobacco mosaic virus

2. A) DNA enclosed in a protein coat

3. A)cell membrane structure

4. B)RNA

5. C)PPLO

6. D)T.O. Diener- Viroids are found to be a free DNA

7. A)mycoplasmas

8. B)Monera

9. B)Heterotrophic

10. B)mode of reproduction

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MCQ on Viruses

1.An anti viral substance which prevents the synthesis of a virus in the cell is

A)Insulin

B)transferon

C)Antibody

D)Interfereon

2.Who separated the protein coat virus from RNA core by chemical means?

A)Twort

B)Schreider

C)Nishimura

D)Frankel Conrat

3. Which part of the plant cannot be infected by the virus?

A)Shoot apex

B)Phloem

C)Pith

D)Cortex

4.One of the following is an incorrect statement

A)Herps disease is due to Myxomyces sp

B)The virus with nucleic acid and protein coat is called virion

C)The virus with nucleic acid but without protein coat is called viroid

D)Tadpole shaped bacteriophages are of different forms

5. Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) was first isolated as crystals by 

A)W M Stanley

B)Iwanowski

C)A Mayer

D)Beijerink

6. Which one of the following enzyme is present in the bacteriophage?

A)Protease

B)Urease

C)Lysozyme

D)Succinic dehydrogenase

7. Virus contain the following

I. Genome II. Capsid III. Capsule IV. Enzyme

A) I, II and III are correct

B)I, II, III, and IV are correct

C)I, II and IV are correct

D)II, III, and IV are correct

8. The common viral disease of Papaya

A)Leaf roll

B)Big Bud

C)Leaf mosaic

D)Leaf curl

9. Viruses that persist in the cell and cause recurrent disease are called

A)Oncogenic viruses

B)Latent viruses

C)Cytopathic viruses

D)Resistant viruses

 10. Why the lysogenic cycle is more beneficial to a virus than lytic cycle under certain circumstances?

A)The lysogenic cycle prevents local extinction of the host while still retaining its infection potential

B)By integrating with the bacterial chromosomes, the genetic instructions for the virus become refreshed after one or more replication events during binary fission

C)Lysogenic infection cycles do not harm their host cells, so they can produce virus particles indefinitely

D)Lysogeny cause more mutations to occur in the virus, creating more variants upon which natural selection can operate

Answers:

1. D)Interfereon

2. D)Frankel Conrat

3. A)Shoot apex

4.A)Herps disease is due to Myxomyces sp

5. A)W M Stanley

6. C)Lysozyme

7. C)I, II and IV are correct

8. D)Leaf curl

9. B)Latent viruses

10. A)The lysogenic cycle prevents local extinction of the host while still retaining its infection potential

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Multiple choice questions on Phloem Transport

1. The long-distance transport of photosynthate from one region to another in higher plants is called

a) xylem translocation

b) phloem translocation

c) apoplast

d) symplast

2. All the following are ‘sink’ except

a) fruit

b) seed

c) leaves

d) rhizome

3. Which of the following is a ‘source’?  

a) green parts

b) Fruit

c) tubers

d) seed

4. The movement of photosynthate through phloem is always

a) from source to sink

b) from sink to source

c) bi directional

d) none of these

5. The process of transferring sugar formed in mesophyll cells to sieve tubes of phloem is called

a) photosynthate transfer

b) source-sink transfer

c) phloem loading

d) phloem unloading

6. Phloem unloading occurs

a) from low concentration to high concentration

b) with concentration gradient

c) against concentration gradient

d) remains same

7. Phloem loading is the transfer of sugar from

a) source to sink

b) Leaves to sieve tubes

c)  fruits to seed

d)  all of these

8. All the following statements are false regarding phloem loading except

a) Phloem loading is from phloem cells to leaves

b) phloem loading occurs in concentration gradient

c) Phloem loading is an active process

d)  phloem loading is from sink to source

9. The process of transferring sugar from sieve tubes to sink is called

a) photosynthate transfer

b) source sink transfer

c) phloem loading

d) phloem unloading

10. According to Mass flow hypothesis, mass flow of solute from source to sink is due to  

a) concentration gradient

b) turgor pressure gradient

c) osmosis

d) osmosis and diffusion

Answers:

1. b) phloem translocation

2. c) leaves

3. a) green parts

4. a) from source to sink

5. c) phloem loading

6. b) with concentration gradient

7. d)  all of these

8. c) Phloem loading is an active process

9. d) phloem unloading

10.b) turgor pressure gradient

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Plant Science Multiple Choice Questions

11. Litmus is a dye obtained which lichen?

A) Lecanora

 B) Cladonia

C) Peltigera

D) Roccella

12. Infoldings produced by cytoplasmic membranes seen in bacteria are called

A) Fimbriae

B) Pili

C) Mesosomes

D) Flagellin

13. Which among the following is not a prophylactic method?

A) Protection

B) Eradication

C) Introduction

D) Exclusion

14. The first virus demonstrated to cause cancer is

A) Rous sarcoma virus

B) Mouse mammary tube virus

C) Feline Leukemia virus

D) Avian Leukosis virus

15. Labellum in Orchidaceae comes to anterior side by the twisting of the ovary through 180 degree. This process is called

A) Adnation

 B) Articulation

C) Resupination

D) Attenuation

16. Which of the following region has maximum diversity?

A) Mangrooves

B) Temperate rainforest

C) Taiga

D) Coral reefs

17. Bioinformatics tool CLUSTAL is a

A) Program that compares nucleotide sequences to sequence database.

B) Computation phylogenetic package of programs for drawing evolutionary trees.

C) Computer program series widely used for multiple sequence alignment.

D) Free open source software for rapid database searching with sequence patterns and

protein motif identification.

18. Which of the following is considered as a noncovalent bond?

A) Electrostatic interactions

 B) Hydrogen bonds

C) Van der waals interactions

D) All of the above

19. Techniques that can be used to elucidate information about protein shape are

A) X-ray crystallography

B) NMR spectroscopy

C) SDS-PAGE

 D) A and B

20. Which among the following is not a plant fossil?

A) Archaeopteryx

 B) Lepidocarpon

C) Lepidodendron

 D) Rhynia

Answers

11. D) Roccella

12. C) Mesosomes

13. C) Introduction

14. A) Rous sarcoma virus

15. C) Resupination

16. D) Coral reefs

17. C) Computer program series widely used for multiple sequence alignment.

18. D) All of the above

19.  D) A and B

20. A) Archaeopteryx

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