Botany Practice Test || Exam Questions (Questions 51-70)

Biology Practice test - Plant Physiology & Related Concepts (Questions 51-70)

51. Match the following (Pteridophytes) in List 1 with (general characteristics) in List 2:
List 1                      List 2
a. Psilopsida            1. Microphyllous leaves, sporangia borne in cones
b. Lycopsida             2. Primitive pteridophytes with dichotomous branching
c. Sphenopsida         3. Jointed stems with whorls of microphylls
d. Pteropsida             4. Large megaphyllous leaves (fronds)

A) a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4 B) a-1, b-2, c-4, d-3 C) a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1 D) a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2

52. Which extinct fossil gymnosperm group had reproductive structures resembling those of cycads but showed evidence of flower-like organs?

A) Ginkgoales B) Bennettitales C) Cordaitales D) Coniferales

53. The wood which is non-functional in water conduction, darker in colour:

A) Heart wood B) Sap wood C) Soft wood D) Hard wood

54. Match the following (staining methods) in List 1 with (cellular components they are used to localize) in List 2
List 1                      List 2
a. PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff)   1. Proteins
b. Sudan Black                       2. Lipids
c. Coomassie Brilliant Blue   3. Carbohydrates
d. Toluidine Blue                  4. Nucleic acids

A) a-3, b-2, c-1, d-4 B) a-1, b-4, c-3, d-2 C) a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1 D) a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1

55. Which among the following is Commonly used for routine plant tissue fixation?

A) FAA (Formalin-Acetic-Alcohol) B) Carnoy’s fluid C) Flemming’s fluid D) Glutaraldehyde

56. A specialized use of Sledge microtome is:

A) Sectioning of frozen tissues B) Sectioning for electron microscopy C) General thin sectioning for light microscopy D) Sectioning of large and hard tissues

57. Apospory in plant reproduction is:

A) Formation of an embryo without fertilization B) Development of a diploid embryo without meiosis C) Development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg D) Formation of a gametophyte from sporophyte cells without meiosis

58. ----- signalling pathway is activated by the perception of light in plants.

A) Auxin sign B) Ethylene C) Phytochrome D) Gibberellin

59. The significance of the patch clamp technique in plant physiology research is:

A) It measures stomatal conductance. B) It investigates ion channel activity. C) It quantifies photosynthetic efficiency. D) It analyses hormone levels in tissues.

60. In response to chilling stress, which of the following proteins is known to be upregulated in plants?

A) Heat shock proteins B) Chaperonins C) Desaturase enzymes D) Lipoxygenases

61. The type of plant growth which is primarily regulated by the balance between auxins and cytokinins:

A) Apical dominance B) Lateral root formation C) Leaf senescence D) Fruit development

62. The primary function of the enzyme GOGAT in nitrogen metabolism is to:

A) Convert nitrate to ammonium B) Reduce nitrite to ammonium C) Incorporate ammonium into organic compounds D) Produce glutamate from α-ketoglutarate

63. What role does calcium play in plant cells?

A) It facilitates the transport of water B) It mediates signal transduction pathways C) It regulates stomatal closure D) All of these

64. In the context of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, what primarily drives water movement in plants?

A) Capillarity B) Transpiration pull C) Active transport D) Osmotic pressure

65. The aquaporins in plants:

A) Serve as channels for nutrient uptake B) Facilitate the passive movement of water across membranes C) Are involved in the transport of ions and small solutes D) Generate ATP through photophosphorylation

66. Match the following (stages of flowering) in List 1 with (mechanisms) in List 2:
List 1                      List 2
a. Floral induction        1. Development of floral structures from meristematic tissue
b. Floral evocation        2. Transition from vegetative to flowering stage
c. Morphogenesis          3. Activation of flowering genes in response to environmental cues
d. Floral organ identity   4. Determination of the type and arrangement of floral organs

A) a-3, b-2, c-1, d-4 B) a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1 C) a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3 D) a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4

67. Movement of nutrients through specific channels or carriers is:

A) Passive transport B) Facilitated diffusion C) Active transport D) Apparent free space

68. Match the following (light receptors) in List 1 with (functions) in List 2:
List 1                      List 2
a. Phytochromes          1. Regulate phototropism and stomatal opening
b. Cryptochromes        2. Detect red/far-red light to control flowering
c. Phototropins           3. Protect against photodamage
d. Carotenoids             4. Regulate blue light responses

A) a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3 B) a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2 C) a-2, b-1, c-3, d-4 D) a-2, b-4, c-3, d-1

69. Match the following (plant hormones ) in List 1 with ( roles ) in List 2:
List I                       List II
a. Auxins                      1. Promote bolting and reverse dwarfism
b. Gibberellins              2. Inhibit growth and induce seed dormancy
c. Cytokinins               3. Stimulate elongation and flowering
d. Abscisic acid           4. Regulate lateral bud growth and leaf senescence

A) a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2 B) a-1, b-3, c-2, d-4 C) a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3 D) a-4, b-2, c-3, d-1

70. The statistical test which is most appropriate for comparing means of more than two groups:

A) Chi-square test B) T-test C) Regression analysis D) Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

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