Multiple Choice Questions on Biotechnology - Enzymes in Genetic Engineering

1. Which of the following enzyme is used to synthesize DNA using an mRNA template
a) Taq polymerase
b) alkaline phosphatase
c) reverse transcriptase
d) nuclease
2. Which of the following enzyme is used to cut DNA molecule internally
a) restriction enzymes
b) restriction endonuclease
c) restriction exonuclease
d) ribonuclease H
3. Which type of restriction enzymes are commonly used in rDNA technology
a) Type I
b) Type II
c) Type III
d) Type IV
4. Which of the following enzyme is used to join two DNA molecule
a) nuclease
b) restriction enzymes
c) lyases
d) ligases
5. Which is the enzyme used to remove phosphate group from the 5’ end of the DNA
a) restriction enzymes
b) alkaline phosphatase
c) polynucleotide kinase
d) ribonuclease H
6. The enzyme that adds mononucleotide triphosphates to the 3’ OH group of a DNA fragment is
a) polynucleotide kinase
b) terminal nucleotidyl transferase
c) terminal phosphoryl transferase
d) all of these
7. The RNA strand in the RNA-DNA hybrid is removed by
a) RNAse
b) RNase-H
c) nuclease
d) none of these

8. Klenow enzyme is the product of enzymatic breakdown of
a) DNA polymerase I
b) DNA polymerase II
c) DNA polymerase III
d) RNA polymerase
9. Selective degradation of single stranded DNA is carried out by the enzyme
a) nuclease
b) ribonuclease
c) SI nuclease
d) deoxy ribonuclease
10. Which of the following is an RNA dependent DNA synthetase
a) DNA polymerase I
b) DNA polymerase II
c) reverse transcriptase
d) all of these
11. Which of the following is a thermo stable DNA polymerase
a) Taq polymerase
b) Vent polymerase
c) pfu polymerase
d) all of these
12. Eco R1 is a

a) endonuclease
b) polymerase enzyme
c) ligase
d) exonuclease

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• Multiple Choice Questions on Biotechnology
•  Biotechnology Practice Test
• Biotechnology Practice Test on Genetic Engineering

Answers
1. c) reverse transcriptase
2. b) restriction endonuclease
3. b) Type II
4. d) ligases
5. b) alkaline phosphatase
6. b) terminal nucleotidyl transferase
7. b) RNase-H
8. a) DNA polymerase I
9. c) SI nuclease
10. c) reverse transcriptase
11. d) all of these
12. a) endonuclease

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Multiple Choice Questions on Plastids

MCQ on Plastids

1. Which of the following is a double membrane bound organelle
a) mitochondria
b) chloroplast
c) nucleus
d) all of these
2. Plastids are absent in
a) animals and plants
b) fungi and animals
c) animals, bacterium and fungi
d) none of these
3. All are colourless plastids (leucoplasts) except
a) elaioplast
b) amyloplast
c) proteinoplast
d) rhodoplast
4. Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding leucoplasts
a) leucoplasts contain thylakoids and photosynthetic pigments
b) Elaioplasts store lipids
c) proteinoplats store proteins
d) amyloplasts store starch
5. The organelle responsible for life on this planet is
a) mitochondria
b) chloroplast
c) nucleus
d) ribosomes
6. Which of the statements are true regarding chloroplast

a) It is a double membrane bound organelle
b) Chloroplasts are site of photosynthesis
c) Chloroplasts are responsible for the synthesis of carbohydrates
d) all of these
7. Chloroplast is similar to mitochondria in having a
a) double layered membrane
b) Circular DNA
c) 70S ribosomes
d) all of these
8. The site of light reaction is
a) grana
b) stroma
c) thylakoid lumen
d) outer membrane
9. Photolysis or water splitting complex is present in
a) grana
b) stroma
c) thylakoid lumen
d) outer membrane
10. Calvin cycle or dark reaction occurs in the
a) grana
b) stroma
c) thylakoid lumen
d) outer membrane
11. Which of the following pigment is most abundant in green plants
a) chlorophyll a
b) chlorophyll b
c) carotene
d) xanthophyll
12. Photosynthetic Pigments are located on the
a) Inner membrane
b) thylakoid membrane
c) thylakoid lumen
d) outer membrane
13. Which of the following is an accessory pigment
a) chl a
b) chl b
c) carotenoids
d) none of these
14. Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding photosystems
a) The reaction of PS I is P 700 and Chl a is predominant pigment
b) The reaction centre of PS II is P680 and Chl b is predominant pigment
c) Both photosystems are located on the outer membrane
d) PSI is located on the thylakoid membrane
15. Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding light reaction
a) light reaction is called as Hill reaction
b) light reaction takes place in the grana of the chloroplast
c) CO2 fixation to carbohydrate is the major event in light reaction
d) ATP and NADPH are produced in light reaction
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• Multiple Choice Questions on Cell & Cell organelles

Answers
1. d) all of these
2. c) animals, bacterium and fungi
3. d) rhodoplast
4. a) leucoplasts contain thylakoids and photosynthetic pigments
5. b) chloroplast
6. d) all of these
7. d) all of these
8. a) grana
9. b) stroma
10. b) stroma
11. a) chlorophyll a
12. b) thylakoid membrane
13. c) carotenoids
14. c) Both photosystems are located on the outer membrane
15. c) CO2 fixation to carbohydrate is the major event in light reaction

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Biology Multiple Choice Questions on Translation

1. Genetic code is
a) the sequence of nitrogenous bases in mRNA molecule that codes for a protein
b) is a triplet code
c) is non-overlapping
d) all of these
2. Translation is the

a) synthesis of DNA from a mRNA template
b) synthesis of protein from a mRNA template
c) synthesis of RNA from a mRNA template
d) synthesis of RNA from a DNA template
3. Translation occurs in the
a) nucleus
b) cytoplasm
c) nucleolus
d) lysosome
4. During translation, proteins are synthesized
a) by ribosomes using the information on DNA
b) by lysosome using the information on DNA
c) by ribosomes using the information on mRNA
d) by ribosomes using the information on rRNA
5. The enzyme involved in amino acid activation is
a) ATP synthetase
b) aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
c) aminoacyl mRNA synthetase
d) aminoacyl rRNA synthetase
6. Which of the following RNA molecules serves as an adaptor molecule during protein synthesis
a) rRNA
b) mRNA
c) tRNA
d) tRNA and mRNA
7. In Prokaryotes, the first amino acid in the polypeptide chain is
a) methionine
b) N-methyl methionine
c) N-formyl methionine
d) All of these
8. In Prokaryotes, the ribosomal binding site on mRNA is called
a) Hogness sequence
b) Shine-Dalgarno sequence
c) Pribnow sequence
d) TATA box
9. During translation, the role of enzyme peptidyl transferase is
a) transfer of phosphate group
b) amino acid activation
c) peptide bond formation between adjacent amino acids
d) binding of ribosome subunits to mRNA
10. Polysomes are
a) aggregation of ribosomes
b) aggregation of lysosomes
c) mRNA molecules to which many ribosomes are attached simultaneously
d) all of these
11. Which is the energy rich molecule required for initiation of translation
a) ATP
b) GTP
c) CTP
d) AMP
12. eRF1 is the release factor in eukaryotes that requires
a) ATP for its binding to ribosome
b) GTP for its binding to ribosome
c) ATP and GTP for its binding to ribosome
d) Mn2+for its binding to ribosome
13. In eukaryotes, translation is initiated by binding of ribosome to the
a) Pribnows box
b) Hogness box
c) 5’cap
d) poly A tail
14. hsp 60 and 70 are proteins involved in
a) initiation of translation
b) elongation of translation
c) termination of translation
d) protein folding
15. Tetracycline blocks protein synthesis by
a) inhibiting binding of aminoacyl tRNA to ribosome
b) inhibiting initiation of translation
c) inhibiting peptidyl transferase
d) inhibiting translocase enzyme
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• MCQ on Transcription
• MCQ on DNA repair
• MCQ on DNA replication

Answers
1. b) is a triplet code
2. b) synthesis of protein from a mRNA template
3. b) cytoplasm
4. c) by ribosomes using the information on mRNA
5. b) aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
6. c) tRNA
7. c) N-formyl methionine
8. b) Shine-Dalgarno sequence
9. c) peptide bond formation between adjacent amino acids
10. c) mRNA molecules to which many ribosomes are attached simultaneously
11. b) GTP
12. b) GTP for its binding to ribosome
13. c) 5’cap
14. d) protein folding
15. a) inhibiting binding of aminoacyl tRNA to ribosome

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Biology Multiple Choice Questions on DNA Repair

1. Which of the following biomolecule has self-repair mechanisms?
a) DNA,RNA and protein
b) DNA and RNA
c) DNA only
d) DNA and proteins
2. Which of the following chemicals induce depurination
a) methyl ethane sulphonate (MES)
b) nitrosoguanidine
c) ethyl ethane sulphonate (EES)
d) all of these
3. Which of the following mechanism of DNA polymerase helps in preventing error during DNA replication
a) rechecking
b) proof checking
c) proof reading
d) all of these
4. The proteins involved in mismatch repair are

a) Mut S
b) Mut H
c) Mut L
d) all of these
5. Which of the following dimer formation is most common
a) thymidine dimer
b) cytidine dimer
c) both a and b
d) none of these
6. Dimer repair mechanism include
a) excision repair
b) photoreactivation
c) recombinational repair
d) all of these
7. Thymine dimers are often corrected by light induced repair mechanism. The enzyme involved in the process is
a) photolyase
b) photoligase
c) DNA glycosylase
d) All of these
8. Which of the following is dark repair
a) nucleotide excision repair (NER)
b) base excision repair (BER)
c) both a and b
d) none of these
9. DNA glycosylase is an enzyme involved in base excision repair. The function is
a) addition of correct base
b) addition of correct nucleotide
c) removal of incorrect base
d) removal of phosphodiester bond
10. Recombinational repair is often due to
a) incorporation of many incorrect nucleotides by DNA polymerase
b) many cytidine dimer and associated large gaps in a strand
c) many thymidine dimer formation and associated large gaps in a strand
d) all of these
11. Which is the DNA polymerase involved in BER
a) DNA polymerase α
b) DNA polymerase β
c) DNA polymerase σ
d) DNA polymerase £
12. Which of the following is a bypass repair system
a) BER
b) NER
c) SOS
d) Recombinational repair
13. DNA repair mechanism is absent in
a) nuclear genome
b) mitochondrial genome
c) chloroplast genome
d) both b and c
14. umu C, umu D gene family and Rec A proteins are involved in
a) BER
b) NER
c) SOS repair
d) Recombinational repair
15. The distortion in DNA helix due to pyrimidine dimer formation is called as
a) nick
b) single stranded breaks
c) kink
d) none of these
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• MCQ on Molecular Biology
• MCQ on Cell Biology

Answers
1. c) DNA only
2. d) all of these
3. c) proof reading
4. d) all of these
5. a) thymidine dimer
6. d) all of these
7. a) photolyase
8. c) both a and b
9. c) removal of incorrect base
10. c) many thymidine dimer formation and associated large gaps in a strand
11. b) DNA polymerase β
12.  c) SOS
13. d) both b and c
14. c) SOS repair
15. c) kink

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Multiple Choice Questions on Chromosomes

MCQ on Chromosomes

1. Who coined the term ‘chromatin’ to describe the thread like material of the nucleus?
a) W. Flemming
b) W.Roux
c) E. Strasburger
d) Boveri

2. The haploid set of the chromosomes is called as
a) proteome
b) genomics
c) genome
d) genes

3. The term ‘chromosome (chrom=color, soma=body)’ was coined by


a) W. Flemming
b) W.Roux
c) Waldeyer
d) Sutton

4. The lowest level of chromosome organization is
a) solenoid
b) nucleosome
c) 30nm fibre
d) none of these

5. Which of the following statement is incorrect
a) Chromosome number is constant within individuals in a species in an ecosystem
b) Chromosome number is constant within different species in an ecosystem
c) Chromosome number is constant within different somatic cells of an organism
d) All of these

6. Which of the following has the largest number of chromosome?

a) Haplopappus gracilis
b) Ophioglossum reticulatum
c) Pisum sativum
d) Giant redwood tree

7. The number of autosome in humans
a) 44
b) 21 pairs
c) 46
d) 45

8. Which of the following statement is incorrect
a) In human males, there are 44 autosomes and a pair of homomorphic sex chromosomes
b) In human females, there are 44 autosomes and a pair of homomorphic sex chromosomes
c) In human males, there are 44 autosomes and a pair of heteromorphic sex chromosomes
d) In humans, there are 44 autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes

9. The size of chromosome is measured during
a) prophase
b) metaphase
c) anaphase
d) all of these

10. A chromosome with a very short arm and a very long arm is termed as

a) Telocentric
b) Acrocentric
c) Metacentric
d) Sub-metacentric

11. Chromosome is thickest during

a) prophase
b) metaphase
c) anaphase
d) interphase

12. A functional chromosome has
a) a centromere
b) a telomere
c) an origin of replication
d) all of these

13. The diagrammatic representation of karyotype (morphological representation of chromosomes) of a species is called
a) Idiogram
b) cladogram
c) ecogram
d) chromogram

14. Euchromatin
a) Genetically active chromatin with genes
b) stains lightly
c) is partially condensed
d) all of these

15. Chromatin has
a) DNA
b) DNA and proteins
c) DNA, RNA and proteins
d) none of these

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• MCQ on Cell Organelles
• MCQ on Nucleus
• MCQ on Cell membrane

Answers
1. a) W. Flemming
2. c) genome
3. c) Waldeyer
4. b) nucleosome
5. b) Chromosome number is constant within different species in an ecosystem
6. b) Ophioglossum reticulatum
7. a) 44
8. a) In human males, there are 44 autosomes and a pair of homomorphic sex chromosomes
9. b) metaphase
10. b) Acrocentric
11. b) metaphase
12. d) all of these
13. a) Idiogram
14. d) all of these
15. c) DNA, RNA and proteins

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